SagitaKoe: Set the software ios

Cisco internetworking devices using multiple files to operate, such as Cisco ios image and configuration files. Administrator must set the file-file. This module expects you to be able to:

Mengidenfikasi boot sequence
Determine how the device is allocated cisco and load ios
Use the command boot system
Identify the value of configuration register
Describes the files used by the ios and function
Sign up the location of the file types on a different router
Using TFTP and copy and paste to save the configuration file
Using TFTP to load ios
Using Xmodem to load ios
Using the show command to verify the file system

1. Order of router startup

The goal of the startup routine ios of cisco router is to start operating. Router must be connected to the network, the startup routine should be followed step-step the following:

Testing of hardware router
Search for and load ios
Finding and using the commands in the configuration functions such as protocol and interface address

Figure 1.1 router startup sequence

Setting the configuration register:

Global configuration mode command boot system - used to determine the sources used / entered the router so that the process of sequence
If the system boot from the NVRAM can be used, the system will use the ios in flash memory as the default
If the flash memory contents empty, the router will attempt to use TFTP to load ios image from the network
If the TFTP server does not exist, the router will load limited version of the ios stored in ROM

Figure 1.2 The location of the software ios

2. Use the command boot system

There are 3 systems used by the ios, the first load of flash memory, then from the network server and from the last ROM.

Flash memory - the system image can be loaded from flash memory. Information stored in flash memory
Network server - if damaged flash memory, image system can be loaded from the TFTP server
ROM - bootstrap the last option is to boot from ROM

Figure 2.1 boot ios from flash memory

Figure 2.2 ios boot from TFTP server

Figure 2.3 ios boot from ROM

Command copy running-config startup-config save the commands to NVRAM.

Configuration register

To make changes to the configuration register, the following are the steps:

To enter the ROM monitor mode, set the configuration register value to 0xnnn0, where nnn indicates the previous value. Set the value of nnn be 000. After reloading the router will boot to ROM monitor. Use the b to boot manually
To boot from the first image in flash or boot to ios in ROM, set the configuration register to 0xnnn1, where nnn indicates the previous value. Set to 000, cisco with the old platform, such as cisco 1600 and 2500, will be limited to the boot ROM in ios. For more recent platforms such as cisco 1700, 2600 and higher will boot from the first image in flash
To configure the system using the boot system commands in NVRAM, set the configuration register to 0xnnn2 until 0xnnnF. So start setting 0010 up to 1111. Then the router will be doing the boot sequence of commands stored in NVRAM until the process was successful

Figure 2.4 receive information from the configuration register

Figure 2.5 Configuration register

There are several reasons why the router can not boot correctly:

Configuration file is missing or incorrect commands boot the system
Configuration register value is incorrect
Image in flash broken
Damage to the hardware

When the router boots the first time, he was looking for the startup configuration in order to boot the system. Boot the system is able to force the router to boot from another image from the ios stored in flash.
Use the show running-config and boot systemnya see on the top of the line configuration. If the boot system is the wrong use ios no command to disable the command.
If the configuration register is incorrect, ios can not load from flash memory. Value of the configuration register indicates where to get a router ios. To confirm this, use the show version and see the configuration register.

Figure 2.6 identifies the source boot image

Set the file system Cisco

Software in the router indicated by the configuration file. Configuration contains a set of commands that determine how the routing switch and running. Network administrator to create the configuration file, for example, determine the IP address of interface, protocol and routing information between the network router. This configuration file may reach several hundred or thousand bytes.

Ios tersimoan flash in the future be used for operating system when first turned on the router. Flash also provides a mechanism for the operating system upgrade.

While the configuration file stored in NVRAM which is used for start-up the router, while for the currently running configuration file stored in RAM.

Image component software in the memory

Figure 2.7 General settings memory

Figure 2.8 commands ios versi12.0 and ios version 12.x

There are many versions ios cisco. Each platform's support ios router features. To identify the version differences, the format used way of writing the name of the file ios which divided into several fields, field-naming the file name field contains the identification ios platform, features, and release number.
The first part of naming the name of the file ios show of hardware platforms where image is designed. The second part shows the features are provided by the router. Example feature set provided by the cisco router:

Basic - a basic feature set of hardware platforms such as IP and IP / FW
Plus - means that basic features such as additional IP Plus, IP / FW Plus and Enterprise Plus
Encryption - a 56 bit encrypted data such as the 56 Plus is a combination of features and base features plus, for example, IP / ATM PLUS IPSEC 56 or Enterprise Plus 56

The design of encryption Cisco Release 12.2 or K8 is the latest and k9:

K8 - less than or equal to 64-bit encryption in the ios version 12.2 or later
K9 - more than the 64-bit encryption in the ios version 12.2 or later

The third shows the format of the files stored in flash format terkompresi or not. If the file is terkompresi, at the time of the initial boot, the files will be in the extract and copy to RAM. The fourth release from ios show that is shown by the release number. The large number means that the new releasenya.

2.9 in the field-field naming ios

Set the configuration file with TFTP

All cisco router configuration must be saved in the backup and the TFTP server using the command copy running-config TFTP. While the process is as follows:

Enter the command copy running-config TFTP
Enter the IP address of the TFTP server
Enter the name of configuration file or accept the default name
Type yes to confirm

To backup the configuration file on the TFTP server to the cisco router, the following manner:

Enter the command copy running-config TFTP
Select a host or network configuration file
Enter the IP address of the TFTP server
Enter the name of the file configuration
Type yes to confirm

Figure 2:10 copy running-config TFTP

Figure 2:11 TFTP command copy running-config

Another way to backup the configuration with the capture of the display show running-config. To do so as follows:

Open the program hyperterminal
Select Transfer
Specify the file name to save the text configuration cisco router
Select Select to start the text capture
Use the command show running-config
Press spacebar when viewing any posts "-More-"

When finished, use the following steps:

Select Transfer
Select the Text Capture
Select Stop

After the capture is complete, the configuration file can also be obtained and the bias-edit with the text-text that is not necessary or even add new commands.

Figure 2:12 the configuration file

Figure 2:13 the configuration file

Ios must also be in the backup and upgraded. To make a backup ios can be done using the command copy flash TFTP. And how to upgrade the file to copy a new ios to release flas cisco router with the command copy flash TFTP. And to restore the process in a way to give the command copy flash TFTP.

Figure 2:14 ios image using the TFTP

If the ios image in flash erased or damaged, the process requires ios restore from ROM monitor mode (ROMmon). In some type of cisco router ROMmon demonstrated by prompt rommon 1>, for example:

rommon 1> boot flash: c2600-is-mz.121-5

Figure 2:15 confreg

And can also be done with the xmodem command, which is the format command xmodem-c image_file_name. Example to restore denghan name ios c2600-is-mz.122-10a.bin with how to use the command:

xmodem -c c2600-is-mz.122-10a.bin