DNS

Domain Name System (DNS) is the "Distribute Database System" that is used to search the computer name (name resolution) in the network using TCP / IP
DNS is an application services commonly used on the Internet such as web browser or e-mail that translates a domain name to IP address.

How DNS Works :

• Map the DNS name into the computer IP address
• Client DNS called resolvers and DNS server is called with name servers.

Principles of DNS

1. Resolvers send queries to name servers
2. Mencek name server to a local database, or to contact other name servers, if found to be notified if resolvers will not send failure message
3. Resolvers contact the host dituju using the IP address given name server

Resolvers will answer questions in two ways:

1. Cachenya view the content of their own (when the question was asked and the answer stored in the own cache).
2. Ask / query to the local dns server and interpret the results.

The IP number and name

• History and setting the IP host name tersentral regulated by IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
• Dimotori by Jon Postel
• List of tables are downloaded on a regular basis

Domain Name System (DNS)

• "Table" which is managed terdistribusi
• An administrator to manage a particular domain.
• Domain can have a sub domain
• DNS Inventor: Paul Mockapetris
• Http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Mockapetris
• Data in the DNS is not just number but also IP: MX record, type of computer, OS, location, etc..

DNS Query Mechanism

• Query DNS the same as the usual postal address
• To find the address below, the address read from the back

DNS Query

• Query to "www.paume.itb.ac.id" done with the sequence
• . Ps
• . Ac.id
• . Itb.ac.id
• . Paume.itb.ac.id
• Www.paume.itb.ac.id = 167.205.21.82
• It's cache to speed up the process

Classification Domain Name

• GTLD (generic Top Level Domain)
• Popular domains:. Com,. Net,. Org,. Gov,. Mil,. Edu,. Int,. Tv,. Fm
• Have added the other domain-domain
• . aero,. biz,. coop,. info,. museum,. name,. pro,. tv,. fm,. tk
• Http://www.iana.org/gtld/gtld.htm
• CcTLD (country code Top Level Domain)
• . IN,. JP,. SG,. U.S., etc..
• Each managed by an administrator appointed by IANA

Organization associated with the DNS

• Global:
• In the beginning: IANA
• Now: ICANN (Internet Corporation For Assigned Names and Numbers)
• Http://www.icann.org &
• DNSO (Domain Name Supporting Organization)
• Regional
• APTLD, CENTR, APNIC, ...
• Country
• Different. In Indonesia: IDNIC / ID DOMREG / Domain Name Management Indonesia

Domain structure. ID
Domain must be below the second level domain
. Ac: academic (education)
. Co: company (the company)
. Or: organization, others
. Net: network (for ISP)
. Go: government (government)
. Mil: military
. SCH: school
. Web: web
Special:
. War.net.id: warnet

Topics Seputar DNS
Technical
Tools, server, setup, queries, etc..
Support: internationalization (IDN), IPv6
Non-technical
Rules for naming and registration requirements
Legal (law)
HaKI, trademark, cybersquatting
Dispute Resolution Policy

Questions about the domain
1. What is a domain name?
Domain name is an internet address naming system that is "humane".
What is humane? Because the actual address of the Internet protocol (IP) is the original form of the numbers that are difficult dihapal like this: 212.53.64.62.
The existence of the domain name to make naming the Internet protocol address to be simple and easy to remember.
For example www.kompas.com or www.yahoo.com. Domain name can be said as "a virtual home address on the internet."

2. How to structure a domain name?
Domain name consists of a structure hierarkis, where the highest level is called the Top-Level Domains (TLDs).
Currently, there are more than 200 TLDs are registered throughout the world. This number will continue to grow according to the era.
But among all TLDs, there are three the most popular, that is. "Com",
". Net", and ". Org".

How to structure a domain name?
Each TLDs must be officially registered at the institution who has authority to issue domain name, the ICANN (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and
Numbers).
Each country has TLDs that berbedabeda. For example, TLDs are co.id to Indonesia, Singapore: sg, and so forth.
The com, org and net international valid, so can be used by anyone in the world.




How to structure a domain name?
Level two is the second after TLDs level domains (SLDs). One example is ajangkita.com, where the SLD is ajangkita. Other example, yahoo.com, kompas.com, hotmail.com, and so forth.
Level is the next level domain third, fourth, fifth, and so on. For example is www.ajangkita.com, where www is the third-level domain.
Third-level domain and so on made by the SLD, not by ICANN.

3. What are the types of domain name?
In general, the domain name consists of two types, namely:
Generic Top-Level Domains (gTLDs), which applies internasinal. Examples are. Com,. Org and. Net, as told above. Recently ICANN inaugurate seven new gTLDs that apply internationally.
Country Top-Level Domains (cTLDs), which applies only in a certain territorial area. For example, for Indonesia cTLDs =. Id, = UK. Uk, France =. fr, and so forth. Because the effect of territorial, each territorial rules have different systems of naming and registration for this cTLDs.

4. Anyone can register a domain name?
Who can, including you and me. But in a valid domain name registration system "who quickly he can." So for example you can not register the domain name or ajangkita.com kompas.com, because there is a book / have them.
However, some domains can be claimed by a particular institution or person, if he has a copyright on the name. For example, Microsoft Coorp. own the copyright to the domain name microsoft.com, so that can not be taken by
Other people.

5. Where to register a domain name?
For international domain name, many organizations that provide registration services. One of which is quite popular and as an official member of ICANN is Network Solutions (http://www.networksolutions.com).
In addition, many other institutions of registration of registered, such as register.com, joker.com, name4ever.com, and so forth. They compete with the rates and implement services that berbedabeda. In fact, there are also provides a free domain name, such as namedemo.com and namezero.com.

6. What are the Domain Name in Indonesia?
In Indonesia, there are several categories in accordance with the domain name types, namely:
Www.nama_perusahaan.co.id (for companies).
www.nama_organisasi.or.id (for organizations / foundations)
www.nama_akademi.ac.id (for college / university)
www.nama_departemen.go.id (to depart / ministries)
Www.nama_departemen.net.id (for ISP)
Www.nama_sekolah.sch.id (for schools)
Www.nama_anda.web.id (for anyone)

7. Anyone who may have the Domain Name in Indonesia?
All domain names can be in the top owned by anyone, provided that the procedures and meet the requirements for condition.
For example if you want to get a domain name ending with CO.ID, then one of the conditions required is the number SIUP ownership or NPWP on behalf of the company.
So also with the other domain names.

Structure of DNS
Domain Name System is a hierarchical domain-based grouping
name, which is divided into several sections including:
Root Domain
Top Level Domains (Generic and Country)
Second Level Domains
Host Names (Third Level Domains)

DNS has several advantages, such as:
Easy, DNS is easy because the user no longer direpotkan to remember the IP address a computer, just the host name (Computer name).
Consistent, a computer IP address can change, but the host name should not be changed.
Simple, user only uses one name for the domain name in both the Internet and the Intranet, although there are a lot of mirror servers that are used.